Black Carbon Burner

An-Najah National University
Faculty of Engineering
Prepared by:
1- Khaled Abu Ghazaleh.
2- Osama Halawah.
3- Fadi Khoury.
4- Nader Shuqo.
5- Ammar Abu Rabie.
Supervisor:
Dr. Ramiz A. Al Khaldi

May-2016
Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering Department


Our Project:

1


Outline:

Introduction
Black Carbon Burner (Definition & History)
Black Carbon Burner Components
Results & Analysis 
Discussion 
Conclusion & Recommendation 

2


Introduction


Abstract and Literature Review

The Main Purpose & objectives 

 Earlier Courses



3


Abstract and Literature Review
Sources : 
1-  Waste Tires
2- Olive Trees

Main Advantages:
1- Low Cost
2- Available

Pulverized Black Carbon
4


The Main Purpose & Objectives
 Design and fabricate ''Black Carbon Burner'‘.

 Disadvantage of using Diesel fuel .

 Available in west bank and easy to maintain.


5


Earlier Courses
  1- Heat Transfer: the heat will transfer through the burner.
2- Thermodynamics: the percentage of combustion from Thermodynamics equations.
3- Mechanical Design: to make the calculations to each part that used in our project .
4- Control Systems: controls the burner automatically by giving an automatic spark .

 




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Black Carbon Burner
 Definition & History:
    Coal Burner is a mechanical device that burns pulverized coal

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Black Carbon Burner Components
Mechanical Parts:
1- Coal Hopper.
2- Screw Conveyor.
3- Draft Fan.
4- Coal Burner.

Electrical Parts:
1- Temperature Sensor.
2- Spark.
3- Light Sensor.
4- Monitor.

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Mechanical Parts
1- Coal  Hopper:
The Main location to where
 the coal is provided.


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Mechanical Parts
2- Screw Conveyor:
Helical Screw with shaft to 
transfer the pulverized coal.


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Mechanical Parts
3- Draft Fan:
Centrifugal Fan provides a
 positive pressure.
.


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Mechanical Parts
4- Coal  Burner:
Coal mixes with air to 
Produce a high flame.

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Control System
Any Control System Consists of:
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Control System

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Feedback
To the spark and monitor
Switch


Electrical Parts
1- Temperature Sensor:
Two temperature sensors are used 
to measure the ambient and the 
burner’s temperatures.
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Electrical Parts
2- Spark:
It is used to give a flame when
The switch is pressed.


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Electrical Parts
3- Light Sensor:
senses the light of the fire inside 
the burner to  turn off the spark.

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Electrical Parts
4- Monitor:
Used to display the value of the
temperature inside the burner.

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Watch The Video


Results & Analysis
1- Screw Conveyor Calculations:









● Mass of flow rate for black carbon (m) = 132.246Ib/hr  = 59.5 kg/hr
● Density of black carbon = 45 Ib/ft3.



NEXT

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Results & Analysis
● Trough Loading (K) = 30%.
● Diameter of screw (Ds) = 60 mm = 2.3622 in.
● Diameter of pipe (DP) = 35 mm = 1.37795 in.
● Pitch (P) =1.5748 in.



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Results & Analysis

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Results & Analysis
2- Draft Fan Calculations:
      Combustion is a fast chemical reaction between combustible components and an oxidizing agent. Mostly air is used for combustion. Dry air contains 21%O2 and 79% N2 and so 1 mole of O2 carries with it 3.76 moles of N2.
        C+ (O2+3.76 N2) = CO2+3.76 N2 + heat
        (12)C + (32) O + (28) N → (44) CO2+ (28)3.76 N2
        (1)C + (32/12) O + (28/12) N → (44/12) CO2+ (28/12)*(3.76/2) N2
        1kgC +2.67 kgO+ 8.77 kg N→3.67 kgCO2+ 4.385 kg N2.


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Results & Analysis
For 1 kg Black Carbon required to burn we need:
2.67kgO + 8.77kg N 

    2.67(1O+3.2N), that means 1 kg of Oxygen → 4.2 kg of air, therefore:
→ (4.2 * 2.67) = 11.2 kg of air, So:



1 kg of Black Carbon required 11.2 kg of air
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Results & Analysis
Corresponding to the last assumption:
  Mass flow rate = 132.246 Ib/hr = 59.5 kg/hr = 0.0165 kg/sec.
  For the screw conveyor, the velocity equals 62 rpm = 1.03 rps.




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Results & Analysis
From the following chart, the value of the head pressure = 470 Pa




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Results & Analysis




  In General, the efficiency for oil (diesel) burner lies between 70-85% and the companies select it to be approximately 80% .





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      From the below table, we can calculate the caloric value of Diesel.

Calorific Value of Diesel = 43563 KJ/Kg.
Results & Analysis
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Results & Analysis
Cost Calculations:

   3.6 Kg is the amount of black carbon inserted to find the efficiency of black carbon burner.
   
   The mass for the coal = 3.6 kg, and if we assume the cost of 1 kg coal = 0.125$, 
  
   Then the cost at the maximum efficiency will be 3.6*0.125 = 0.45 $.



For Black Carbon:
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Results & Analysis
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Results & Analysis

   



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Discussion
Depending on the following results, The coal fuel was the most effective fuel because of many reasons: High calorific value and low cost. 

	Fuel Type
		
	Coal Fuel	Diesel Fuel	
	0.7208 Kg/L	0.845 Kg/L	Density
	26000 KJ/Kg	43563 KJ/Kg	Calorific Value
	59.5 Kg/hr	82.5 L/hr	Consumption
	80.5%	80%	Efficiency
	21717 $/year	361350 $/year	Cost

Comparison
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Discussion
Combustion efficiency relay to some factors like:
 1- The nature of combustion.

2- Combustion speed.

3- The heat value.

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Conclusion & Recommendation

  In conclusion and in light of what has been previously mentioned, an innovative alternative source of energy to replace the fossil diesel fuel has been put on the table by conducting this research project at which a series of mechanical and chemical calculations and results indicated that this project can be considered as a success project.


  Depending on the previous calculation and analysis, we advice to use our project as an alternative source to operate the factories.



Conclusion:
Recommendation:
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Thank you!!!



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