Design and Optimization of a Hybrid Solar/Diesel Energy System Using HOMER Software Done By: Abdullah Ammar Hamza Aker Hussam Ezzat Supervised by: Dr. Adel Juaidi Graduation Project 2, May.2025 index 2 Introduction Methodology Results Objectives Case Study Literature Review 3 Introduction Global energy crisis Importance of renewable energy hybrid energy systems 4 Energy Situation in Palestine Need for sustainable energy solutions Challenges in energy supply Potential of solar energy Political instability, deficient infrastructures, and large energy import dependency [11]. PSH between 5.4 and 6 (kWh/m²/ day) and nearly 3000 sunshine hours annually [12]. Of all the electricity consumed in the West Bank, 97.2% is imported [12]. 5 Objectives To analyze and optimize a hybrid SPV/DG system To evaluate the economic feasibility of the hybrid system To assess environmental benefits and CO₂ emissions To demonstrate the potential of HES in supporting energy independence in conflict-affected regions. To use HOMER software for system simulation and optimization 6 Literature Review Reference Country Year Methodology Main Findings [69] Palestine 2025 HOMER The hybrid system brings down electricity costs to 0.285 USD/kWh thus producing USD 44,698 worth of profit while achieving a 22% decrease in energy payments during a 7.58-year payback period [69]. The system reaches an 88.6% renewable power share while cutting down 8.262 annual tons of CO₂ [69]. [70] Nigeria 2025 HOMER The hybrid system generates earnings by achieving positive return on investment together with four-year capital recovery [70]. The implementation provides a reliable power supply system through the combination of wind power with solar energy and diesel engines and storage batteries [70]. [71] India 2025 HOMER The hybrid system equipped with LI batteries achieved the lowest net present cost which amounted to 1.64 million USD [71]. [73] Indonesia 2025 HOMER The study demonstrated that a hybrid renewable energy system can be a reliable and cost-effective solution for rural electrification [73]. 7 Case Study: Ramallah Central part of the West Bank Standard Mediterranean climate [61] 8 Case Study: Palestinian Museum Electricity consumption of nearly 35,831 KWh/month or 430 MWh annually First green building in Palestine following the LEED rating system The museum has an existing 230 kW solar PV system already installed. 9 Methodology Overview Added Value 10 System Configuration 11 Design Criteria 12 PV System Summary 2 Orientations (Tilt/Azimuth) PV Panels (Seraphim) Inverters (SMA) No. of modules 576 No. of inverters 5 7° /10° 7° /90° Total PV power at STC = 230 kWp Module area = 1172 m² Peak power = 400 Wp Total inverter power = 220 kWac 2 Orientations (Tilt/Azimuth) PV Panels (Seraphim) Inverters (SMA) No. of modules 576 No. of inverters 5   Total PV power at STC = 230 kWp Module area = 1172 m² Peak power = 400 Wp Total inverter power = 220 kWac 13 Modeling & Simulation 14 Modeling & Simulation 15 Modeling & Simulation PV/Grid Schematic Grid Input 16 Modeling & Simulation PV Input Inverter Input 17 Modeling & Simulation 18 Modeling & Simulation PV/Autosized DG Schematic DG Input 19 Modeling & Simulation PV/40kW DG Schematic DG Input 20 Results PV power output Inverter output Generator power output Fuel consumption 21 Cash flow Monthly electric production Equations used: 23 24 Main PVsyst Results 25 Main HOMER Results 26 References [11] Juaidi, Adel, et al. “An Overview of Renewable Energy Potential in Palestine.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 65, Nov. 2016, pp. 943–960, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.052. Accessed 20 Oct. 2020. [12] Abboushi, Nour, and Husain Alsamamra. “Achievements and Barriers of Renewable Energy in Palestine: Highlighting Oslo Agreement as a Barrier for Exploiting RE Resources.” Renewable Energy, vol. 177, Nov. 2021, pp. 369–386, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.05.114. Accessed 13 Dec. 2021. [23] Ismail, M, et al. “DESIGN of a PV/DIESEL STAND ALONE HYBRID SYSTEM for a REMOTE COMMUNITY in PALESTINE.” Journal of Asian Scientific Research, vol. 2, no. 11, pp. 599–606. Accessed 23 Nov. 2024. [33] Hrayshat, Eyad S. “Techno-Economic Analysis of Autonomous Hybrid Photovoltaic-Diesel-Battery System.” Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 13, no. 3, Sept. 2009, pp. 143–150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2009.07.003. Accessed 6 Dec. 2024. [57] Salameh, Tareq, et al. “Techno-Economical Optimization of an Integrated Stand-Alone Hybrid Solar PV Tracking and Diesel Generator Power System in Khorfakkan, United Arab Emirates.” Energy, vol. 190, Jan. 2020, p. 116475, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116475. Accessed 6 Dec. 2024. [60] Salau, Ayodeji Olalekan, et al. “Design, Modeling, and Simulation of a PV/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Energy System for an Off-Grid Hospital in Ethiopia.” E-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, vol. 8, 18 May 2024, p. 100607, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prime.2024.100607. Accessed 6 Dec. 2024. [61] Weatherandclimate.com. (2015b). Ramallah, West Bank, PS Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data. [online] Available at: https://weatherandclimate.com/palestine/west-bank/ramallah [Accessed 25 Dec. 2024]. acknowledgement 27 THANK YOU Hope you enjoyed 29 30 Why was PVsyst used, what does it add? PVsyst was used in the study to perform detailed simulations and analysis upon the installed PV system at the museum. It provides in-depth insights into electricity production, system losses, performance ratio, payback period, and emissions. These results will be used as a reference when we work on HOMER, and the hybrid system’s results from HOMER will be compared with the current energy system results from PVsyst. 31 What is the difference between the LCOE and COE? 1. LCOE (Levelized Cost of Energy): Average cost per unit of energy over a system’s life, so long-term speaking (20-30 years). 2. COE (Cost of Energy): General idea of how much energy costs over any time frame. 32 What is the difference between the efficiency and performance ratio? Efficiency Measures: The ability of the solar panel to convert sunlight into electricity. Depends on: Panel technology, temperature, angle, and irradiance. Typical Range: 15–23% for commercial solar panels Performance Ratio Measures: The overall performance of the entire PV system, including losses from Inverters, Wiring, Temperature effects, Shading, Dust, or soiling. Typical Range: 70–90% 33 Why wasn’t a battery storage system used? Economic Justification Reliable Generator Support Lower system complexity Grid Availability (not a rural area) 34 What does Air Mass mean or indicate? Air mass relates to the distance that solar radiation must travel through the atmosphere. This value varies throughout the day for any given location and is calculated using trigonometry and the sun’s zenith angle. 35 How much does 1 kWh give you in kW of electricity? kW (kilowatt) = Power (rate of energy use or generation) kWh (kilowatt-hour) = Energy (amount of electricity used or produced over time) kWh = kW × hours image9.png image10.png image11.jpeg image12.png image13.png image14.png image15.png image16.png image17.png image18.png image19.png image20.png image21.png image22.png image23.png image24.png image25.png image26.png image27.png image28.png image29.png image30.png image31.png image32.png image33.png image34.png image35.png image36.png image37.png image38.png image39.png image40.png image41.png image7.png image8.svg image42.png image43.png image310.png image320.png image44.jpeg /docProps/thumbnail.jpeg