An-Najah National University Faculty of engineering and information technology Civil Engineering Department Graduation project: Design of Foundation Systems Outline : Introduction and Site Description. Structural System. Design of foundations. Quantity and Cost. Conclusion. Introduction : Aim of the Project This project aims to design a foundations for a residual building on several types of soil then make a relation between the allowable bearing capacity of soil and the cost of foundation. Building Description The building consists of 9 stories all of them have the same area ,height and uses , The area for each floor is 450 square meter ,the height of each floor in this building is 3 m. We design 5 foundations on 5 types of soil which are very hard rock , hard rock ,weak rock , limestone and improved clay soil. Then we find the relation between the allowable bearing capacity of soil and the cost of foundation needed to give suitable and safe foundation for this structure. Structural System Foundation design must support different kinds of loads. Such as dead load, live loads, snow loads, wind loads and seismic loads. Foundation should be design in the way which meets building requirements. Figure 4.3 Plan of the residential building Figure 4.4 Center lines of columns Figure 4.6 3D Modeling for building Table 4.2 Reactions of each column from different load cases Column # Dead SD Live Service Ultimate C1 780 1821 513 3114 3943 C2 882 879 76 1837 2235 C3 1009 779 7.4 1796 2158 C4 1019 777 8.5 1805 2169 C5 1012 792 1 1805 2166 C6 1051 1181 60 2292 2774 C7 732 1908 506 3146 3978 C8 682 2363 898 3942 5090 C9 846 708 151 1706 2108 C10 564 905 594 2062 2712 C11 472 736 488 1696 2231 C12 568 953 631 2152 2836 C13 810 338 93 1242 1527 C14 692 942 61 1695 2058 C15 750 1683 474 2907 3678 C16 1006 1260 249 2516 3119 C17 586 1532 875 2994 3943 C18 565 1393 798 2756 3626 C19 1052 1460 310 2821 3509 C20 760 1906 444 3110 3910 Design of foundations Types of soil Allowable Bearing Capacity Very hard Rock 1000 KN/m2 Hard Rock 500 KN/m2 Weak Rock (Marl and stones) 300 KN/m2 Marl soil 225 KN/m2 Improved Clay Soil (clay with rock fill + Base course) 150 KN/m2 First design option (Very Hard Rock) Take very hard rock with bearing capacity 1000 KN/m2 as a supporting soil for footing in design. Since we have different values of reactions we are going to make grouping for footings: Group1 (1527 – 2235) KN Group2 (2712 – 3678) KN Group3 (3943 - 5090) KN Figure 5.1 Detailing of footing1 (F1) Figure 5.2 Detailing of footing 2 (F2) Figure 5.3 Detailing of footing 3 (F3) Figure ‎5.4 Footing Layout for first design option Second design option (hard rock) Take hard rock with bearing capacity 500 KN/m2 as a supporting soil for footing in design. There are three Groups: Group1 (1527 – 2235) KN Group2 (2712 – 3678) KN Group3 (3943 - 5090) KN Figure 5.5 Detailing of footing 4 (F4) Figure 5.6 below shows the detailing of footing 5 (F5) Figure 5.7 Detailing of footing 6 (F6) Figure 5.8 Detailing of footing 7 (F7) Figure ‎5.9 Footing Layout for Second Option. Third design option (weak rock) Take weak rock with bearing capacity 300 KN/m2 as a supporting soil for footing in design. There are three Groups: Group1 (1527 – 2235) KN Group2 (2712 – 3678) KN Group3 (3943 - 5090) KN Figure 5.10 Detailing of footing 8 (F8) Figure 5.12 Detailing of footing 10 (F10) Figure 5.13 Detailing of footing 11 (F11) Figure 5.14 Detailing of footing 12 (F12) Figure ‎5 15 footing layout for third design option Fourth design option (Marl soil) Take marl soil with bearing capacity 225 KN/m2 as a supporting soil for footing in design. Since the soil is a weak soft soil it is better to use Raft foundation in order to reduce the stresses on the soil and settlement too. Area of footing(Af) = 226.5 m2 Figure 5.16 Detailing of mat foundation Figure 5.17 mat foundation layout for fourth design option Fifth design option (clay soil) Take clay soil with bearing capacity 150KN/m2 as a supporting soil for footing in design. Since the soil is a very weak soft soil it is better to use Raft foundation in order to reduce the stresses on the soil and settlement too. Area of footing(Af) = 286 m2. Figure 5.18 Detailing of mat foundation Quantity and Cost First design option (Very Hard Rock): 1. Excavation for footings Footing Number Excavation volume (m3) F1 8 84.32 F2 7 91.35 F3 5 76.8 Total 20 252.47 2. 3. Weight of reinforced steel Footing Number Reinforced steel[ ϕ 16] (kg)   F1 8 768.512   F2 7 1070.608   F3 5 1289.28   Total 20 3128.4   Volume of concrete for footings Footing Number Length Width Depth Volume of R.C (m3) Volume of plain concrete (m3) F1 8 1.45 1.45 .6 10.092 2.178 F2 7 1.75 1.75 .7 15.008 2.6614 F3 5 2.1 2.1 .8 17.64 2.645 Total 20       42.74 7.4844 4. Second design option (hard rock): 1. Cost L M E Total 2763 24,363 6,312 33,438 NIS Excavation for footings Footing Number Excavation volume (m3) F4 8 122.88 F5 7 151.62 F6 2 50.43 F7 1 44.73 Total 18 369.66 2. 3. Weight of reinforced steel Footing Number Reinforced steel[ ϕ 16] (kg)   F4 8 1362.592   F5 7 2293.844   F6 2 931.568   F7 1 1030.713   Total 18 5618.717   Volume of concrete for footings Footing Number Length Width Depth Volume of R.C (m3) Volume of plain concrete (m3) F4 8 2 2 0.60 19.2 3.872 F5 7 2.6 2.6 0.70 33.124 5.488 F6 2 1.40 1.40 0.45 9.464 1.568 F7 1 5.9 3 .6 10.62 2.44 Total 18 - - - 72.408 13.368 4. Third design option (weak rock): 1. cost L M E Total 4,249 42,339 9,242 55,830 NIS Excavation for footings Footing Number Excavation volume (m3) F8 7 163.821 F9 4 119.350 F10 2 50.43 F11 1 100.86 F12 1 88.56 Total 15 523.021 2. 3. Weight of reinforced steel Footing Number Reinforced steel[ ϕ 16] (kg)   F8 7 2265.088   F9 4 1294.336   F10 2 375.56   F11 1 2589.62   F12 1 2252.764   Total 15 8777.368   Volume of concrete for footings Footing Number Length Width Depth Volume of R.C (m3) Volume of plain concrete (m3) F8 7 2.75 2.75 .6 31.763 6.097 F9 4 3.26 3.26 .7 29.76 4.304 F10 2 2.9 2.9 .8 9.075 1.742 F11 1 7 7 .6 29.4 5.184 F12 1 7 6 .6 25.2 4.464 Total 15 - - - 125.198 21.791 4. Fourth design option (Marl soil): 1. 2. cost L M E Total 8,637 70,298 13,076 91,411 NIS Excavation for footings Footing Number Excavation volume (m3) F13 1 543.348 Weight of reinforced steel Footing Number Reinforced steel[ ϕ 20] (ton)   F13 1 25   3. 4. Volume of concrete for footings Footing Number Length Width Depth Volume of R.C (m3) Volume of plain concrete (m3) F13 1 26.88 10.9 .8 185.618 30.059 Cost for Fourth Option L M E Total 9,710 135,267 13,584 158,561 NIS Fifth design option (clay soil): 1. 2. 3. Excavation for footings Footing Number Excavation volume (m3) F14 1 543.348 Weight of reinforced steel   Footing Number Reinforced steel[ ϕ 20] (ton)   F14 1 32   Volume of concrete for footings Footing Number Length Width Depth Volume of R.C (m3) Volume of plain concrete (m3) F14 1 26.88 10.9 0.8 234.394 30.059 4. Cost for the Fifth Option L M E Total 11,901 169,425 13,585 194,911 NIC Conclusion Table 7.1 B.C of the soil and Cost of the foundation for each design option. design option B.C (KN/m2) Cost (NIS) 1 1000 33,400 2 500 55,800 3 300 91,400 4 225 158,600 5 150 195,000 Figure 7.1 Relation between B.Call and Cost B.Call vs Cost 1000 500 300 225 150 33438 55830 91411 158561 194911 B.Call (KN/m2) Cost (NIS) Cost= 3**qall-0.978 B.Call(KN/m2) Cost (NIS) 50 653926 100 331987.1 150 223307.9 200 168544.2 250 135498.9 300 113369.6 350 97504.06 400 85567.05 450 76256.95 500 68790.52 550 62668.1 600 57555.83 650 53222.1 700 49501.16 750 46271.26 800 43440.94 850 40940.16 900 38714.36 950 36720.41 1000 34923.78 1050 33296.46 1100 31815.53 B.Call(KN/m2) Cost (NIS) B.Call vs Cost Actual 1000 500 300 225 150 33438 55830 91411 158561 194911 Theo. 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 653925.97784981912 331987.13519329968 223307.8567638332 168544.24150001662 135498.9488838648 113369.61390790113 97504.061696277262 85567.054657933695 76256.947393989147 68790.519700057906 62668.102400066877 57555.831415369132 53222.098196679013 49501.159471740641 46271.261417843598 43440.943325453765 40940.160919712456 38714.359669819991 36720.413982089616 34923.78088231475 33296.464402221216 31815.533391421031 B.Call (KN/m2) Cost (NIS) image2.png image3.png image4.png image5.PNG image6.png image7.png image8.png image9.png image10.png image11.png image12.png image13.bmp image14.png image15.png image16.bmp image17.bmp image18.png image19.png image20.png image21.png image22.png image22.jpeg image1.jpeg