Al-Najah National University

Department of Computer Engineering

Graduation Project II

Smart Green Garden

By:

Rand Motaz

Toqa Abdo

Supervised by:
Dr.Haya Samaana

September 3, 2023



Abstract

The agricultural sector makes up the economy of most countries This
is due to the increasing need for food as a result of the increase in
population in the world and due to the remarkable technical progress
that the environment surrounding us has become increasingly inclined
to work automatically, which is similar to manual work in terms of
energy efficiency and productivity growth. In addition, it reduces the
need for work. Hard manual.

In this project, the concept of automation includes several aspects,
which is the automatic irrigation process, continuous temperature checks,
and the provision of a ventilation system if necessary, in addition to
providing protection for the farm in the event of rain, fire, or attempts
to steal, and providing appropriate lighting to carry out the photosyn-
thesis process in In the event of a shortage, in addition to providing a
fertilization system that works automatically on a weekly basis, con-
tinuous examination of water tanks, and sending sms messages in the
event of a decrease in the required limit.



Table of Contents

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Objectives and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.4 Importance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.5 Report Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 Constraints and Earlier work 4
2.1 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Previous work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3 Literature review 6

4 Methodology 7
4.1 Hardware Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2 System Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.3 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

5 Conclusion and Results 20

6 Future work 21

7 Acknowledgements 22

i



Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Problem

The problem here is the need for larger quantities of agricultural crops
and the difficulty of having working hands throughout the day to check
the conditions suitable for plant growth.

1.2 Purpose

The best way to ensure quality and environmental harmony is to im-
plement automation, which enables the farmer to remotely monitor
and maintain his farm by creating the ideal conditions for the growth
of these plants without requiring the time and labor of human hands.

1.3 Objectives and Scope

This system can do the following:

1. He can sense the temperature and open the window if the temper-
ature is high, but if there is rain and the temperature inside the
greenhouse is high, the window will remain closed and a fan will
be opened.

2. Door opening system: If the correct password is entered, if it is
entered incorrectly three times, the farmer will be notified of this.

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3. A fertilization system based on Schedule by the RTC that calcu-
lates a specific concentration of fertilizer based on the number of
seedlings on the farm.

4. A fire extinguishing system depends on CO a percentage, in case
it exceeds the required limit, it extinguishes it.

5. Irrigation system in case the soil is dry.

6. Send sms based on the GSM module.

7. Mobile application that can take all its readings by making a con-
nection with the hardware.

1.4 Importance

The existence of plants on Earth is necessary because they and their
root systems clean oxidizing environments, prevent desertification and
soil erosion, reduce carbon emissions, regulate precipitation and weather
patterns, and carry out numerous other tasks like supplying shelter,
food, and a variety of other goods.

1.5 Report Organization

1. The the next chapter - Constraints & Earlier Coursework -,We will
talk about the challenges we encountered and how we overcame
them while working on our project, as well as the courses that
were helpful to us.

2. The the fourth chapter - Literature Review -,We will examine some
comparable works and projects and discuss how our project differs
from them.

3. The the fifth chapter - Methodology -,We will go into detail about
the system’s operation, the hardware components we utilized, how
we connected them and how that worked, as well as how we made

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communication between the various parts and the program that
controls the system.

4. The sixth chapter - Results & Discussion -,is a discussion of the
project’s outcomes and what is anticipated from it.

5. The the final chapter - Conclusion -,We will briefly go through the
most crucial aspects of the project, what we learnt from it, and
any recommendations that might be made for future use.

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Chapter 2

Constraints and Earlier work

2.1 Limitations

We had a lot of challenges to overcome on the route to completing this
project. The following limitations are the most significant ones:

1. Determine the features on which the system will depend and the
possibility of having the necessary parts to build it.

2. A place to create the project, because moving it after placing the
pieces on it became difficult.

3. Many of the sensors were giving wrong readings when put together
and many of the pieces were getting stuck for no reason.

4. A sudden defect occurs, which leads to the depletion of time to
determine the type of problem, if it is a network, a damaged piece,
a code, or a fault in the voltage collector.

2.2 Previous work

In the beginning, we learned the basics of programming parts in the
BIC course, then we applied that practically through the projects of
that course. After that, we followed short YouTube videos related to

4



Arduino programming by Mr. Wael Abu Hamza Click Here To Show
Arduino Course In Arabic.

5

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93xoMrxRJIvMeOKPIUnnw3Hw1A5_UXM7&feature=shared
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93xoMrxRJIvMeOKPIUnnw3Hw1A5_UXM7&feature=shared


Chapter 3

Literature review

Smart Green Garden is a revolutionary method that seeks to keep the
garden owner always in touch with his garden and perform important
tasks without necessitating physical presence. There are other projects
that are comparable to this one that have been established in the past
that try to remotely operate home gardens:

1. Smart Indoor Farming System :This project has been completed at
An-Najah National University. Sensors for temperature, soil mois-
ture, fan speed, and light intensity are among the many devices
included in it.

2. Smart Garden Monitoring and Control System with Sensor Tech-
nology: In 2021, the Signals and Communications(ICPSC) project
from the 3rd International Conference on Temperature, Humidity
and Soil Moisture Sensors, (ICPSC) also contains a driver, a DC
motor and a fan.

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Chapter 4

Methodology

The system process, the hardware components we utilized, how we
connected them, and how we made communication between the com-
ponents and the program that read the sensor value will all be covered
in detail in this chapter.

4.1 Hardware Components

1. Arduino Mega2560:It is a microcontroller board based on the
ATmega2560 which contains 54 digital input/output pins (of which
15 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 hardware
serial ports (UARTs), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connec-
tor, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It comes
with everything needed to support the microcontroller.[1]

Figure 4.1: Arduino Mega2560

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2. ESP32:There are integrated antenna switches, RF baluns, power
amplifiers, low-noise receive amplifiers, and power-management
modules in a range of low-cost, low-power system on a chip micro-
controllers. Dual-mode Bluetooth and integrated Wi-Fi are also
included.[2]

We selected the ESP32 for our system since it comes with a built-in
Wi-Fi module that enables remote control and data transmission.

Figure 4.2: ESP32

3. Relay:It takes a signal from Arduino and connect the electrical
circuit, We selected it to control water pumb and fan.[3]

Figure 4.3: Relay

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4. LM2596 voltage reguleter:It enables to accept a larger input
voltage and produce a lower, controlled output voltage, is specif-
ically made for step-down (buck) voltage regulation applications,
We selected it to to convert from 12 volts to 5.6 volts to power the
sensors and the rest of the other parts.[4]

Figure 4.4: Reguleter

5. ULN2803:It is a high-voltage, high-current Darlington transistor
array that can drive up to 8 relays at once. It is mostly employed
as a relay driver, We selected it to To control each color in RGB
strip by connect he anode lead to the negative terminal of the

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power supply, and the red, green, and blue leads should be given
a HIGH signal or VCC.[5]

Figure 4.5: ULN2803

6. RGB LED Strip:This alludes to the three light colors produced
by these LED strip lights. To produce a comprehensive spectrum
of color, the LED strips combine various brightness levels in each
of the three colors,We have used it in this project to determine the
appropriate color for a plant to perform photosynthesis.[6]

Figure 4.6: ULN2803 connication with RGB Led and aeduino

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7. KeyBad:is a typical input device made up of a number of buttons.
Pressing a button produces a distinct electrical signal that can
be read by a microcontroller like an Arduino, and each button
symbolizes a particular character or function.[7]

We selected it to aske the farmer to enter the password and enter
his farm and enter the number of seedlings to be fertilized .

Figure 4.7: KeyBad Connection with arduino

8. LCD 16*2:is a type of flat panel display that operates primarily
on liquid crystals. For both consumers and organizations, LEDs
have a wide range of use cases.[8]

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We selected it to display information about sensors reading and o
onand we connect it with I2C driver to reduce the number of wires
used for networking with Arduino.

Figure 4.8: LCD with I2C Connection with arduino

9. Servo Motor:A servo motor is a type of motor that can rotate
with great precision, we select it in our system to open door and
window.[9]

Figure 4.9: Servo Motor Connection with arduino

10. RTC:A real time clock, often known as an RTC, is a digital clock
whose main purpose is to maintain precise timekeeping even when
a power source is off or a device is in low power mode. An embed-
ded quartz crystal resonator, an oscillator, and a controller make

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up an RTC, we select it in our system to o organize the composting
process on a weekly basis.[10]

Figure 4.10: RTC Connection with arduino

11. SIM800L:I having a serial interface, a GSM module. It has the
ability to make and receive phone calls as well as text messaging.
Additionally, it can receive FM signals and connect to the internet,
we select it in our system to to alert the farmer in the event of theft
or fire, and in the event of a shortage of water tanks, and to remind
the next fertilization date.[11]

Figure 4.11: SIM800L Connection with arduino

12. Speaker:is is a transducer that converts electrical signals into
sound waves,We Selectet it in order to issue music playing tunes.[12]

13



Figure 4.12: Speaker Connection with arduino

13. Ultrasonic:is a device that uses ultrasonic sound waves to gauge
a distance to an item. An ultrasonic sensor transmits and receives
ultrasonic pulses from a transducer to determine the proximity of
an item,We have used it in this project to alert the farmer when
there is a shortage of water in the tank.[13]

Figure 4.13: Ultrasonic Connection with arduino

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14. DHT11:It is a low-cost, basic digital temperature and humidity
sensor,We Selectet it to measure the air temperature.[14]

Figure 4.14: DHT11 Connection with arduino

15. water level sensor :It is employed to measure the maximum
amount of chemicals that can flow,It has been used to sense whether
or not it is raining .[15]

Figure 4.15: water level sensor Connection with arduino

16. Light sensor :It is s a passive device that converts the light en-
ergy into an electrical signal output,It has been used to check the
amount of light and activate the light to carry out the process of

15



photosynthesis .[16]

Figure 4.16: Light sensor Connection with arduino

17. Soil Moisture sensor :developed to gauge the moisture or water
content of soil,It is used to regulate the irrigation process .[17]

Figure 4.17: Soil Moisture sensor Connection with arduino

18. MQ7 sensor:It is an easy-to-use carbon monoxide (CO) sensor
that can measure ambient CO concentrations. It is capable of

16



detecting CO-gas quantities between 20 and 2000 ppm,It has been
used to detect fires .[18]

Figure 4.18: MQ7 sensor Connection with arduino

19. Water Pump:It is a mechanical device designed to move or trans-
port water from one location to another,It is used to pump water
in the irrigation and fertilizer process.[19]

Figure 4.19: Water Pump Connection with arduino

20. Fan:It i is a mechanical device used to create airflow and circulate
air in an enclosed space,It is used to operate the air conditioner in
case of high temperature and rain.[20]

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Figure 4.20: Fan Connection with arduino

4.2 System Design

This project was created to make it simpler for the farm owner to look
after it and keep an eye on its status from a distance.
We initially placed a high priority on safety by alerting the owner in
the event of a farm invasion and detection of carbon monoxide gas,
which ignites a fire and requires water to be pumped from the tank
towards the source of the fire.
Naturally, we check the moisture level in the soil and determine if there
is a deficiency, Which results in irrigation of crops by drawing water
from a reservoir.
The plant will automatically light up and start playing music when
the amount of light falling on the plants decreases.
Of course, we will check the temperature, and if it rises above the
required limit, the window will be opened for ventilation, and just in
case If it rains, the window will be closed and the fan will be opened
if it is higher than the required limit

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Here below is a picture of the complete system networking:

Figure 4.21: System Connection with arduino

4.3 Software

This project supports the existence of a mobile application that pro-
vides farmers with the display of sensor values as shown below:

Figure 4.22: Mobile App

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Chapter 5

Conclusion and Results

The aim of this project was to demonstrate an efficient smart farm system. The
use of automation is involved in a number of aspects including The farm has an
automatic lighting system, temperature and humidity system, and sprinklers. The
system is protected by a password-protected digital lock, ensuring the protection of
plants on the farm.
Smoke detectors are provided to reduce the risk of fire. The entire crop may be lost
if it is not found in time. The GSM unit is attached to allow direct contact with the
farm owner.
Of course, this project taught us a lot of useful lessons, the most important of which
is how to work with different electronic parts and read and adhere to instructions to
prevent burning any of them. We learned how to use Arduino to connect the pieces
and how to create codes to control those pieces.

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Chapter 6

Future work

There are many functions that can be added to this project, such as installing a
camera to identify whether the crop is ripe, and providing a robot that harvests it.
The camera can also be used to see if the plant has been exposed to a particular
disease and to spray the necessary pesticide

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Chapter 7

Acknowledgements

First and foremost, praises and thanks to the God, the Almighty, for
His showers of blessings throughout our graduation project work to
complete it successfully. We would like to thank our great doctor
Dr.Haya Samaana for her huge support, guidance and help for suc-
cessfully achieving this project. A special thank for our parents and
family for their support. we also want to thank our friends for the
encouragement.

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References

[1] arduino mega2560 click here to see arduinomega2560 data sheet.

[2] esp32 click here to see esp32 data sheet.

[3] relay click here to see relay data sheet.

[4] reguleter click here to see reguleter data sheet.

[5] uln2803 click here to see uln2803 data sheet.

[6] rgb led strip click here to see rgb led strip data sheet.

[7] keybad click here to see keybad data sheet.

[8] i2c lcd click here to see i2c lcd data sheet.

[9] servo motor click here to see servo motor data sheet.

[10] rtc click here to see rtc data sheet.

[11] sim800l click here to see sim800l data sheet.

[12] speaker click here to see speaker data sheet.

[13] ultrasonic click here to see ultrasonic data sheet.

[14] dht11 click here to see dht11 data sheet.

[15] water level sensor click here to see water level sensor data sheet.

[16] light sensor click here to see light sensor data sheet.

23

https://docs.arduino.cc/hardware/mega-2560
https://docs.arduino.cc/hardware/mega-2560
https://www.fcl.fujitsu.com/downloads/MICRO/fcai/relays/vs.pdf
http://tpelectronic.ir/datasheets/20150123144301750.pdf
https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/IC/uln2803a.pdf
https://www.flexfireleds.com/content/ColorBright-RGB300-LED-strip-light-data-sheets.pdf
https://cdn.sparkfun.com/assets/f/f/a/5/0/DS-16038.pdf
http://handsontec.com/dataspecs/module/I2C_1602_LCD.pdf
http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/pcheung/teaching/DE1_EE/stores/sg90_datasheet.pdf
https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/DS1307.pdf
https://components101.com/wireless/sim800l-gsm-module-pinout-datasheet-equivalent-circuit-specs
https://www.cuidevices.com/product/resource/gf0771.pdf
https://cdn.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/Proximity/HCSR04.pdf
https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/758/DHT11-Technical-Data-Sheet-Translated-Version-1143054.pdf
https://curtocircuito.com.br/datasheet/sensor/nivel_de_agua_analogico.pdf
https://www.futurlec.com/Light_Sensor.shtml


[17] soil moisture sensor click here to see light sensor data sheet.

[18] mq7 sensor click here to see mq7 sensor data sheet.

[19] water pump click here to see water pump data sheet.

[20] fan click here to see fan data sheet.

24

https://www.instrumart.com/assets/smr110-Datasheet.pdf
https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/Biometric/MQ-7.pdf
https://www.lenntech.com/Data-sheets/Danfoss-APP-11-13-L.pdf
https://www.interempresas.net/FeriaVirtual/Catalogos_y_documentos/19488/Fan-Systems_ENGLISH.pdf

	Introduction
	 Problem
	Purpose
	Objectives and Scope
	Importance
	Report Organization

	Constraints and Earlier work
	Limitations
	 Previous work

	Literature review
	Methodology
	Hardware Components
	System Design
	Software

	Conclusion and Results
	Future work
	Acknowledgements