Juvenile Guarantecs of Fair trail

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Date
2016
Authors
Sarah Ameen Ali
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This study focuses on juvenile guarantees for fair trial, especially on a number of guarantees that should be followed through the juvenile trial. For the trial to be fair, the court and all justice instruments should commit to implementing these guarantees, to achieve the best interest for these juveniles. Trough the descriptive analytical flow, the study focuses on the trial period because it is the crucial period in juveniles’ life. The judiciary system is the body responsible to achieve justice, especially when the accused are juveniles, the future of this nation. The study contains three chapters: the first chapter tackles the juvenile fair trials, the second chapter discusses the juvenile guarantees during trial, and the third chapter describes the practical aspects during the implementation process of these guarantees. The first chapter defines the fair trial and the basis of the right to fair trial. It also discusses the nature of the right, as well as the definition of a juvenile, and the juvenile’ criminal responsibility. It also discusses the types of crime and criminal conduct that determine whether a young person will be charged with a crime in a juvenile court. The second chapter discusses the guarantees that already exist in local laws and legislations, with respect to the trial, as well as the necessary consideration of a juvenile’s personality. The chapter also discusses the international legislations and standards and what guarantees they have allocated for the juvenile offenders. The third chapter discusses the components of the judicial system responsible for implementing these guarantees, including the police, general prosecution, judiciary system, child protection inspector, and the ministry of social affairs. A case study included in this paper showcases how juveniles are treated in both the dominant Jordanian law and the Palestinian child protection law. The significance of this study is in analysis of the types of guarantees that should be accorded to juveniles during trial and the practical roles of such guarantees. To enforce the concept of fair trial, the best interest of the juvenile should be prioritized, and all the guarantees that are ensured by the local and international laws should be implemented, especially considering that the State of Palestine has joined this forum. These juveniles should not be criminalized and punished. Instead, the focus should be to rehabilitate them and provide them with the needed support to prevent them from becoming criminals in the future. Currently, the juvenile protection law that is applied in Palestine is the Jordanian Rehabilitation Law number 6 of the year 1954, still valid until the President Mahmoud Abbas. President Abbas has ratified the Palestinian Juvenile Protection Law that grants the juveniles plenty of guarantees during fair trials. In effort to align the juvenile justice system with international standards, sufficient resources have to be available. The study concludes the following, to achieve fair justice for juveniles, where guarantees are to be given to young of fenders, there should be a specific juvenile court to handle juvenile cases. The study also recommends that the juvenile court system should not deal with juveniles as the accused or socially stigmatized, but to to attempt to rehabilitate them and provide all possibilities to help them adjust to their communities. To achieve the fair trial, all judicial instruments have to work together in a complementary approach. The fair trial should be the start of helping these offenders readjust to their society, therefore, greater efforts have to be exerted towards including these juveniles in their families and communities. This study focuses on juvenile guarantees for fair trial, especially on a number of guarantees that should be followed through the juvenile trial. For the trial to be fair, the court and all justice instruments should commit to implementing these guarantees, to achieve the best interest for these juveniles. Trough the descriptive analytical flow, the study focuses on the trial period because it is the crucial period in juveniles’ life. The judiciary system is the body responsible to achieve justice, especially when the accused are juveniles, the future of this nation. The study contains three chapters: the first chapter tackles the juvenile fair trials, the second chapter discusses the juvenile guarantees during trial, and the third chapter describes the practical aspects during the implementation process of these guarantees. The first chapter defines the fair trial and the basis of the right to fair trial. It also discusses the nature of the right, as well as the definition of a juvenile, and the juvenile’ criminal responsibility. It also discusses the types of crime and criminal conduct that determine whether a young person will be charged with a crime in a juvenile court. The second chapter discusses the guarantees that already exist in local laws and legislations, with respect to the trial, as well as the necessary consideration of a juvenile’s personality. The chapter also discusses the international legislations and standards and what guarantees they have allocated for the juvenile offenders. The third chapter discusses the components of the judicial system responsible for implementing these guarantees, including the police, general prosecution, judiciary system, child protection inspector, and the ministry of social affairs. A case study included in this paper showcases how juveniles are treated in both the dominant Jordanian law and the Palestinian child protection law. The significance of this study is in analysis of the types of guarantees that should be accorded to juveniles during trial and the practical roles of such guarantees. To enforce the concept of fair trial, the best interest of the juvenile should be prioritized, and all the guarantees that are ensured by the local and international laws should be implemented, especially considering that the State of Palestine has joined this forum. These juveniles should not be criminalized and punished. Instead, the focus should be to rehabilitate them and provide them with the needed support to prevent them from becoming criminals in the future. Currently, the juvenile protection law that is applied in Palestine is the Jordanian Rehabilitation Law number 6 of the year 1954, still valid until the President Mahmoud Abbas. President Abbas has ratified the Palestinian Juvenile Protection Law that grants the juveniles plenty of guarantees during fair trials. In effort to align the juvenile justice system with international standards, sufficient resources have to be available. The study concludes the following, to achieve fair justice for juveniles, where guarantees are to be given to young of fenders, there should be a specific juvenile court to handle juvenile cases. The study also recommends that the juvenile court system should not deal with juveniles as the accused or socially stigmatized, but to to attempt to rehabilitate them and provide all possibilities to help them adjust to their communities. To achieve the fair trial, all judicial instruments have to work together in a complementary approach. The fair trial should be the start of helping these offenders readjust to their society, therefore, greater efforts have to be exerted towards including these juveniles in their families and communities. This study focuses on juvenile guarantees for fair trial, especially on a number of guarantees that should be followed through the juvenile trial. For the trial to be fair, the court and all justice instruments should commit to implementing these guarantees, to achieve the best interest for these juveniles. Trough the descriptive analytical flow, the study focuses on the trial period because it is the crucial period in juveniles’ life. The judiciary system is the body responsible to achieve justice, especially when the accused are juveniles, the future of this nation. The study contains three chapters: the first chapter tackles the juvenile fair trials, the second chapter discusses the juvenile guarantees during trial, and the third chapter describes the practical aspects during the implementation process of these guarantees. The first chapter defines the fair trial and the basis of the right to fair trial. It also discusses the nature of the right, as well as the definition of a juvenile, and the juvenile’ criminal responsibility. It also discusses the types of crime and criminal conduct that determine whether a young person will be charged with a crime in a juvenile court. The second chapter discusses the guarantees that already exist in local laws and legislations, with respect to the trial, as well as the necessary consideration of a juvenile’s personality. The chapter also discusses the international legislations and standards and what guarantees they have allocated for the juvenile offenders. The third chapter discusses the components of the judicial system responsible for implementing these guarantees, including the police, general prosecution, judiciary system, child protection inspector, and the ministry of social affairs. A case study included in this paper showcases how juveniles are treated in both the dominant Jordanian law and the Palestinian child protection law. The significance of this study is in analysis of the types of guarantees that should be accorded to juveniles during trial and the practical roles of such guarantees. To enforce the concept of fair trial, the best interest of the juvenile should be prioritized, and all the guarantees that are ensured by the local and international laws should be implemented, especially considering that the State of Palestine has joined this forum. These juveniles should not be criminalized and punished. Instead, the focus should be to rehabilitate them and provide them with the needed support to prevent them from becoming criminals in the future. Currently, the juvenile protection law that is applied in Palestine is the Jordanian Rehabilitation Law number 6 of the year 1954, still valid until the President Mahmoud Abbas. President Abbas has ratified the Palestinian Juvenile Protection Law that grants the juveniles plenty of guarantees during fair trials. In effort to align the juvenile justice system with international standards, sufficient resources have to be available. The study concludes the following, to achieve fair justice for juveniles, where guarantees are to be given to young of fenders, there should be a specific juvenile court to handle juvenile cases. The study also recommends that the juvenile court system should not deal with juveniles as the accused or socially stigmatized, but to to attempt to rehabilitate them and provide all possibilities to help them adjust to their communities. To achieve the fair trial, all judicial instruments have to work together in a complementary approach. The fair trial should be the start of helping these offenders readjust to their society, therefore, greater efforts have to be exerted towards including these juveniles in their families and communities. This study focuses on juvenile guarantees for fair trial, especially on a number of guarantees that should be followed through the juvenile trial. For the trial to be fair, the court and all justice instruments should commit to implementing these guarantees, to achieve the best interest for these juveniles. Trough the descriptive analytical flow, the study focuses on the trial period because it is the crucial period in juveniles’ life. The judiciary system is the body responsible to achieve justice, especially when the accused are juveniles, the future of this nation. The study contains three chapters: the first chapter tackles the juvenile fair trials, the second chapter discusses the juvenile guarantees during trial, and the third chapter describes the practical aspects during the implementation process of these guarantees. The first chapter defines the fair trial and the basis of the right to fair trial. It also discusses the nature of the right, as well as the definition of a juvenile, and the juvenile’ criminal responsibility. It also discusses the types of crime and criminal conduct that determine whether a young person will be charged with a crime in a juvenile court. The second chapter discusses the guarantees that already exist in local laws and legislations, with respect to the trial, as well as the necessary consideration of a juvenile’s personality. The chapter also discusses the international legislations and standards and what guarantees they have allocated for the juvenile offenders. The third chapter discusses the components of the judicial system responsible for implementing these guarantees, including the police, general prosecution, judiciary system, child protection inspector, and the ministry of social affairs. A case study included in this paper showcases how juveniles are treated in both the dominant Jordanian law and the Palestinian child protection law. The significance of this study is in analysis of the types of guarantees that should be accorded to juveniles during trial and the practical roles of such guarantees. To enforce the concept of fair trial, the best interest of the juvenile should be prioritized, and all the guarantees that are ensured by the local and international laws should be implemented, especially considering that the State of Palestine has joined this forum. These juveniles should not be criminalized and punished. Instead, the focus should be to rehabilitate them and provide them with the needed support to prevent them from becoming criminals in the future. Currently, the juvenile protection law that is applied in Palestine is the Jordanian Rehabilitation Law number 6 of the year 1954, still valid until the President Mahmoud Abbas. President Abbas has ratified the Palestinian Juvenile Protection Law that grants the juveniles plenty of guarantees during fair trials. In effort to align the juvenile justice system with international standards, sufficient resources have to be available. The study concludes the following, to achieve fair justice for juveniles, where guarantees are to be given to young of fenders, there should be a specific juvenile court to handle juvenile cases. The study also recommends that the juvenile court system should not deal with juveniles as the accused or socially stigmatized, but to to attempt to rehabilitate them and provide all possibilities to help them adjust to their communities. To achieve the fair trial, all judicial instruments have to work together in a complementary approach. The fair trial should be the start of helping these offenders readjust to their society, therefore, greater efforts have to be exerted towards including these juveniles in their families and communities.
تناولت هذه الفصول: ضمانات المتهم الحدث أثناء المحاكمة العادلة، حيث أن هناك كثير من الضمانات التي يجب أن يتم إتباعها أثناء سريان المحاكمة للمتهم الحدث، وحتى توصف هذه المحاكمة أنها عادلة يجب أن تلتزم المحكمة وكافة أركان العدالة في تطبيق هذه الضمانات، حيث أن تطبيق هذه الضمانات يوفر جميع نواحي العدالة لهؤلاء الأحداث، حتى يتم تحقيق مصلحتهم الفضلى في جميع المراحل التي يمرون فيها. تسعى هذه الدراسة من خلال المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، إلى دراسة هذه الضمانات التي يجب أن يتم تطبيقها، وقد اخترت فترة المحاكمة بالذات لأنها هي الفيصل في حياة الحدث الماثل أمامها، والجهاز القضائي هو الأقدر والأجدر بتحقيق العدالة دائما، فكيف إذا كان المتهمين الماثليين أمامه هم أحداث أي أنهم بناة هذا المجتمع . جاءت هذه الدراسة على ثلاث فصول : تناولت الباحثة في الفصل الأول منها، المحاكمة العادلة للأحداث، والفصل الثاني جاء ليتحدث عن ضمانات المتهم الحدث أثناء المحاكمة، أما الفصل الثالث فجاء ليتحدث عن الواقع العملي في مجال تطبيق ضمانات المتهم الحدث . حيث تضمن الفصل الأول الحديث عن تعريف المحاكمة العادلة وأساس الحق فيها، ومن ثم طبيعة الحق في المحاكمة العادلة إضافة إلى مفهوم ماهية الحدث وتعريفه، ومن ثم سن الحدث وما يترتب عليه، وأيضا المسؤولية الجزائية للأحداث. أما الفصل الثاني فجاء يتحدث عن الضمانات التي كفلتها القوانين المحلية للمتهم الحدث، نظراً إلى المحاكمة، وشخصية الحدث بالإضافة إلى الضمانات التي كفلتها الاتفاقيات الدولية للمتهم الحدث، حيث جاءت هذه الاتفاقيات عامة ومن ثم خاصة، أما الفصل الثالث منها فجاء ليتحدث عن دور أجهزة العدالة في تطبيق هذه الضمانات، ومنها الشرطة، والنيابة، والقضاء، ومرشد حماية الطفولة، ودور الرعاية والشؤون الاجتماعية، بالإضافة إلى حالة دراسية أوردتها الباحثة لتتحدث عن كيفية التعامل مع المتهم الحدث في ظل القانون الأردني الذي كان ساري المفعول حتى تاريخ صدور قرار بقانون حماية الاحداث الفلسطيني لسنة 2016، و كذلك وفقا لقانون حماية الأحداث الفلسطيني وكيف يتم التعامل معها مستقبلا . وتبدو أهمية هذه الدراسة في أنها تساعد على تحليل ما يجب أن يتم تطبيقه من ضمانات للمتهم الحدث، في أثناء المحاكمة، والممارسات العملية اتجاه ما يتم تطبيقه من ضمانات على المتهمين الأحداث من قبل المحكمة، وذلك من أجل تدعيم وترسيخ مفهوم المحاكمة العادلة للحدث، ينبغي أن يتم تحقيق المصلحة الفضلى لهم، وتطبيق كافة الضمانات التي كفلها لهم القانون، و الاتفاقيات الدولية التي أصبحت دولة فلسطين عضواً فيها أي يجب عدم إتباع قاعدة التجريم والعقوبة لهؤلاء الأحداث المتهمين والتركيز على قاعدة الإصلاح، والرعاية، والتقويم لهم . إذ أنهم بحاجة إلى دعم ومساعدة حتى لا نصنع منهم مجرمين وخطر على أمن الدولة مستقبلا إذا ما أهملنا علاجهم واتّبعنا السياسة العقابية بحقهم، وكما أن المطبق لدينا في المحاكم الموجودة في الضفة الغربية، كان قانون الإصلاح الأردني رقم 6 لسنة 1954 والذي كان ساري المفعول حتى قيام الرئيس الفلسطيني بالمصادقة على قرار بقانون حماية الأحداث الفلسطيني الذي أورد فيه كماً هائلاً من الضمانات التي يجب أن يُعمل بها أثناء محاكمة الأحداث، وحتى يتم تطبيق هذا القانون، فلا بد أن تتوفر لهم كافة الإمكانيات والجهوزية. حيث أنه متوافق و الاتفاقيات الدولية المراعية لحقوق الأطفال الأحداث أثناء المحاكمات، وكلنا رغبة وأمل في تطبيق هذه المواد التي تُعنى بضمانات الأحداث لتحقق محاكمة عادلة، وإنشاء جيل واعي متفهم حتى يصبح القانون ذا قدرة على تقويمهم، وعلاجهم، وألا تبقى هذه النصوص جامدة دون دخولها حيز النفاذ . وقد خلصت هذه الدراسة إلى أنّ تحقيق ضمانات المتهم الحدث، أثناء المحاكمة، وحتى يطلق على هذه المحاكم أنها عادلة، يجب أن تتوافر محاكم خاصة لنظر قضايا الأحداث ابتداءً، والعمل على التعامل معهم لا كمتهمين، أو أنهم وصمة اجتماعية، بل يتم التعامل معهم على أساس الإصلاح والرعاية، وتوفير كافة سبل التقويم لهم، وحتى يتم التوصل إلى المحاكمة العادلة، يجب أن تتكاتف جهود أركان العدالة مع بعضها البعض، للعمل على تحقيق العدالة المنشودة للحدث، فلا يوجد دور مستقل عن الآخر، بل هي أدوار مكملة لبعضها البعض، نخلص في النتيجة التوصل إلى محاكمة عادلة بحق المتهم الحدث، ولا نتوقف حتى انتهاء المحاكمة بل يجب أن نستمر في علاج هذا الحدث الجانح، حتى يعود عن جنوحه، ونحقق مصلحة خاصة تفيد هذا الحدث، ومصلحة عامة عائدة على المجتمع بشكل عام .
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