Clean Energy and Conservation Strategy
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Browsing Clean Energy and Conservation Strategy by Author "Abusafa, Abdelrahim"
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- ItemEnvironmental Impact Assessment of Centralized and Decentralized Biogas Power Plants in Palestine(An-Najah National University, 2017-01-31) Alia, Ruba Ahmad Hasan; Abusafa, AbdelrahimBiogas production by biodigestion is considered as an important method for the production of renewable energy. One of the most important methods in utilization biogas is the production of electrical energy by means of special generators. In West Bank, there are a lot of animals such as cattle, goats, sheep and poultry. These animals produce a huge amount of dung which can be anaerobically digested and produces what is called biogas. In order to estimate the amount of electrical energy that can be generated from biogas produced by the biodigestion of animal dung, many statistical data were collected according to the type and number of animals and the mass of daily manure production. This was done for most villages in ten governorates in West Bank. This research is aimed at studying the economic feasibility and environmental impact assessment for electrical energy production from biogas plants. After the calculation of annual waste production in each village, the biodigester volume, the capacity of electrical generator and the potential of production electrical energy were calculated. Consequently, Annual Worth (AW) was calculated. Moreover, the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE) was calculated. For profitable and environmentally friendly production, the selling price for one kWh of electricity is considered to be 0.3 NIS in order to compete with Israel electrical company which sells electricity for local electricity distribution companies by 0.4 NIS /kWh. To guarantee short payback period, it was found that biodigesters of volume less than 100m3 were infeasible. Since the levelized cost of energy depends directly on the volume of the biodigeter, the design of centralized biogas stations were investigated. The proposed methods depends on collecting the manure from all nearby villages and construct a single centralized biodigester for each clusters at one of the villages taking in consideration the environmental impacts and the feasibility. It was obvious that all of proposed centralized biogas power plant is feasible from economical aspects with shorter payback period than decentralized biogas power plant. It was also found that from environmental impact assessment that centralized biogas power plant is better from social and environmental aspects. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the proposed Hebron governorate biogas power plant has the largest amount of biogas production from all governorates, which has 45,670 m3 daily biogas production that is equivalent to annual electrical energy of 28.8GWh. The least biogas production was found to be in Salfeet governorate, with a daily biogas production of 2,860 m3 which is equivalent to annual electrical energy of 2GWh. Potential electrical energy production is estimated to be 2% of total energy consumption in west bank. In the case of proper utilization of these bioenergy sources, it is expected to minimize the amount of green house emissions equivalent to 100,000 ton CO2 which may produced from the same amount from the production of electrical energy from coal.
- ItemEnvironmental Impact Assessment of Centralized and Decentralized Biogas Power Plants in Palestine(An-Najah National University, 2017-01-31) Alia, Ruba Ahmad Hasan; Abusafa, AbdelrahimBiogas production by biodigestion is considered as an important method for the production of renewable energy. One of the most important methods in utilization biogas is the production of electrical energy by means of special generators. In West Bank, there are a lot of animals such as cattle, goats, sheep and poultry. These animals produce a huge amount of dung which can be anaerobically digested and produces what is called biogas. In order to estimate the amount of electrical energy that can be generated from biogas produced by the biodigestion of animal dung, many statistical data were collected according to the type and number of animals and the mass of daily manure production. This was done for most villages in ten governorates in West Bank. This research is aimed at studying the economic feasibility and environmental impact assessment for electrical energy production from biogas plants. After the calculation of annual waste production in each village, the biodigester volume, the capacity of electrical generator and the potential of production electrical energy were calculated. Consequently, Annual Worth (AW) was calculated. Moreover, the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE) was calculated. For profitable and environmentally friendly production, the selling price for one kWh of electricity is considered to be 0.3 NIS in order to compete with Israel electrical company which sells electricity for local electricity distribution companies by 0.4 NIS /kWh. To guarantee short payback period, it was found that biodigesters of volume less than 100m3 were infeasible. Since the levelized cost of energy depends directly on the volume of the biodigeter, the design of centralized biogas stations were investigated. The proposed methods depends on collecting the manure from all nearby villages and construct a single centralized biodigester for each clusters at one of the villages taking in consideration the environmental impacts and the feasibility. It was obvious that all of proposed centralized biogas power plant is feasible from economical aspects with shorter payback period than decentralized biogas power plant. It was also found that from environmental impact assessment that centralized biogas power plant is better from social and environmental aspects. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the proposed Hebron governorate biogas power plant has the largest amount of biogas production from all governorates, which has 45,670 m3 daily biogas production that is equivalent to annual electrical energy of 28.8GWh. The least biogas production was found to be in Salfeet governorate, with a daily biogas production of 2,860 m3 which is equivalent to annual electrical energy of 2GWh. Potential electrical energy production is estimated to be 2% of total energy consumption in west bank. In the case of proper utilization of these bioenergy sources, it is expected to minimize the amount of greenhouse emissions equivalent to 100,000 ton CO2 which may produced from the same amount from the production of electrical energy from coal.
- ItemOptimal Utilization of Biogas from Western Wastewater Treatment Plant of Nablus City(An-Najah National University, 2017-08-16) Shehab Eddin, Motaz Adli Tawfeeq; Abusafa, AbdelrahimWastewater treatment plants with anaerobic digesters produce sufficient quantities of biogas. One of the best methods to utilize biogas in such plants is the cogeneration technologies CHP, where two types of energy are produced from one fuel, i.e. electrical and thermal energy are produced on-site to be consumed in the same facility, and it is known that wastewater treatment plants are consumers of electrify and thermal power. In this study; for Western Wastewater Treatment Plant of Nablus city as a case study; optimal unit sizing and arrangement of CHP units which were Micro-Gas turbines and Internal Combustion Engines was studied by conducting an energy, economic and environmental calculations and analysis. The number of units to be operated every month was selected using four commercial Micro-Gas Turbines C30/30kW, C65/65kW, T100/100kW, C200/200kW from CAPSTONE manufacturer and three Internal Combustion Engines G3306/143kWe, G3406/235 kWe, CG132-8/400kWe from CATERPILLAR manufacturer, depending on the data of biogas production rates since there is instantaneous variation in these rates, but this variation is being regulated to a monthly level, using Biogas storage technology already being used. The number of Micro-Gas turbines or internal combustion engines that must be operated every month was calculated depending on the fact that these engines give the maximum efficiency when operated at full load or near it. Some of the alternatives can produce the needed annual thermal energy of 2137MWh as a total, but may have shortage during some months. It was found that the alternative which produced the maximum electrical energy was using one unit of the Internal Combustion engineCG132-8/400kWe with yearly energy production of 2442 MWh. Economic analysis were done using annual worth of cost calculation and finding the levelized cost of electrical energy, also, the total yearly saving from each alternative was also calculated. It was concluded that the using one unit of the Internal Combustion engine CG132- 8/400kWe has the lowest value of unit energy cost of 0.09$/kWh and annual savings of 195,243$/year. Environmental analysis were conducted to investigate the total CO2 emissions and other pollutional emissions, and was found that the alternative of using one unit of the Internal Combustion engine CG132-8/400kWe produced the maximum saving of CO2 production with a value of 2,203 Ton/year instead of the current situation of separate heat and electricity generation with CO2 production of 3,912Ton/year Achieving a total CO2 saving of 1,709Ton/year.