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Browsing History by Author "Asmaa Rateb Marouf Shahwan"

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    The Zionist Settlement in the Syrian Golan Heights (1967-2000), Historical-Analytical Study
    (2010) Asmaa Rateb Marouf Shahwan; Prof. Nezam Al. abbassi
    The Golan Heights is one of the distinctive geographical regions in Syria, and this distinction is due to the availability of water sources, the diversity of the topographic relief, and the difference in temperature between the cold north and the hot south, all this contributed to the diversity of agricultural and animal production and their quality. This distinction made the Golan Heights the focus of attention of the Zionist enemy and its greediness; this was clear through the Jewish repeated attempts to take the possession of the Golan Heights lands, and to settle their decades before occupying it. Furthermore, the Zionist movement played a prominent role to the Government of the British Mandate to re-demarcate the Syrian-Palestinian border, in a way that ensures its control over the water sources in the region. Israel took after the occupation of the Golan Heights in 1967 a number of actions to Judaize the land and displace its people in order to pave the way for setting up settlements and bringing the settlers to them. These actions have resulted in joining the Golan to the Zionist entity in 1981, based on a number of religious, economic and security allegations to justify the joining. The settling in the Golan Heights received a consensus of the Israeli’s parties, because of the importance of the region in the implementation of the Zionist settlement scheme and its success. This process has gone in stages, and the establishment and growth of these settlements have been affected by military and political events that swept Israel, especially the war of October 1973, which caused a serious shift in Israel’s strategy toward Israel's settlements in the Golan. Settlements were established in all parts of the plateau, Israel has exploited the peculiarities and characteristics of the region when it was building the settling spots that have reached 34 settlements until the end of 2000. The Zionist settlement caused destructive impacts that have affected all life manifestations, and affected the lives of Syrian citizens who stood firm against the occupation in the remaining five villages -out of 139- villages destroyed by the Zionist war machine. The Israeli’s occupation of the Golan Heights has been met by a popular resistance that widely spread across several stages, yet this resistance had a number of obstacles like the dearth of population and the repressive measures of the occupation which prevented this resistance to achieve its aims. The settlement project in the Golan Heights has been widely criticized worldwide and by Arabs, and it was discussed in details in the United Nations. Both the Security Council and General Assembly of the United Nations issued a number of resolutions condemning Israel's policy of settlement, and of joining the lands to its control.