Plant Production

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11888/3214

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Browsing Plant Production by Author "Dr. Aziz Salameh"

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    Morphological and Agronomic Traits Characterization of Local Durum Wheat (Triticum turgadum var. durum) Varieties Under Different Environmental Conditions in Palestine
    (2015) Nasser Mohammad Mahmoud Abbadi; Dr. Hassan Abu- Qaoud; Dr. Aziz Salameh
    Wheat (Triticum turgadum var. durum) is one of the most important field crops in Palestine with an area exceeds 220000 dunum and an average productivity of 136 kg/dunum that represents less than 45% of average world productivity. This shortage is due to the effect of unfavorable local environmental conditions for used cultivars. The introduction of high yielding and well adapted cultivars could be one of the best resolutions. The establishment of national breeding program will fascilate this task through the collection and evaluation available of genetic resources. Palestine is rich with wild relatives of durum wheat and many landraces are still grown in different regions in Palestine that could be considered as a genetic resurve. Little information is available about the phenotypic description and agronomic performance of these landraces. Moreover, synonyms and antinomy are existed among farmers, agronomists and scientists when dealing with wheat landraces. The need to identify landraces and common varieties is a priority. The published data on morphological and agronomic identification for genetic resources of durum wheat landraces in Palestine are very scarce and not sufficient. The main objective of this investigation was to make clear identification of fifteen durum wheat varieties grown in Palestine through the characterization of the phenotypic traits and agronomic performance under different environmental conditions. The fifteen genotypes of durum wheat under the study included eleven local landraces (Kahatat, Heitia safra, Heitia beda 1, Heitia beda 2, Heitia soda, Heitia, Debbiya, Soori, Noorsi, Kahla and Nabeljamal), and four introduced varieties (Horani 27, Numra 8, Cham 5 and Anbar). All studied genotypes were grown in randomized complete block design (RCBD) trials at five different climatic locations (Beit- Qad station, Tubas, Tulkarm station, Za'tara and Arroub station) during two growing seasons (2012-2013 and 2013-2014). Forty morphological and agronomic traits were evaluated. Data were collected according to UPOV (Union for the Protection of new Varieties of Plants) guidelines and analyzed using GENSTAT statistical program. The results revealed the presence of high variations among the genotypes in thirty eight traits. Cluster analysis grouped genotypes in five main clusters according to relatedness and variation for all studied trait. The performance of landraces was not stable under different environmental conditions as most of them showed high straw but low grain yield as Nabeljamal variety (922 Kg/du straw and 201 Kg/du grain yield). The results obtained from this study led to a clear morphological identification of studied varieties, especially for local landraces at levels with synonyms and antinomy problem removed. Genetic variation revealed that, local landraces could be considered as a primary step to launch a national breeding program for the development of new wheat cultivars adapted to harsh climatic conditions.