ANNU Digital Library

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Communities in DSpace

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Recent Submissions

ChocoCup
(Dr. Muhannad Al-Jabi, 2025-06-25) Tamara Abu Aisheh; Raya Break
ChocoCup, which we designed, is a production line for making chocolate-covered biscuits with the toppings the customer wants. We have automated the process for better consistency and speed, and to include what each person prefers in their dessert. The production process begins with the automated delivery of a cup, which serves as the base of the desert. Then, we placed a very fragile biscuit base and pressed it gently to create a stable and even layer. The best quality chocolate, warmed in a water bath system designed specifically for this purpose, was used to give the chocolate a smooth and uniform texture. When the chocolate is completely liquid, we put it on the biscuit, thus making a cover that is not only very shiny but also evenly distributed. Pistachios, chocolate chips, and colorful sprinkles. We have included a simple-to-use keypad, through which customers may select one or more of these primary options. This interactive aspect plays a role in making each of our ChocoCup products a little more personal. The ChocoCup machine performs this step one at a time. First, it doles out cups. The biscuit base is then placed inside. Subsequently, the chocolate is melted and poured in. Finally, it is topped off. At each stage of production, we pay attention to quality, which guarantees that the dessert is fit for home use or for sale in stores. Our machine is a consistent performer that also provides customers with a choice of what they prefer. Thus, ChocoCup is a smart and modern solution for creating great-tasting desserts.
EVENTRY
(Eng. Khaled Dawoud, 2026-01-28) Tamara Abu Aisheh; Abd Alhameed Haj Hamad
EVENTRY is a web and mobile-based platform designed to provide a comprehensive solution for event planning by bringing all essential event services together in one centralized system. The platform targets various types of events, with a particular focus on weddings, and covers twelve distinct service categories, including venues, photographers, catering, decor, entertainment, and other related services. The primary objective of EVENTRY is to bridge the gap between customers and service vendors by offering a reliable, organized, and user-friendly digital marketplace. Vendors are able to showcase and manage their services through dedicated profiles; however, to ensure trust, quality, and credibility, all vendors must undergo a verification process. Vendors are only permitted to add and publish their services after approval by the system administrator, which represents a key strength of the platform and enhances user confidence. From the customer perspective, EVENTRY provides a unified interface where users can browse, compare, and select services offered by verified vendors. In addition, the platform integrates an AI-powered recommendation system that allows users to input their budget and required services. Based on this information, the system intelligently suggests the most suitable service packages available, optimizing both cost and quality according to the user’s needs. By consolidating all event-related services into a single platform, EVENTRY addresses common challenges faced by customers, such as time consumption, lack of transparency, and difficulty in finding trusted vendors. The system significantly reduces effort, improves decision-making, and helps users access high-quality services at competitive prices, making event planning more efficient, reliable, and personalized.
MULTI CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS OF WASTE TO ENERGY SCENARIOS FOR ZAHRAT AL-FINJAN LANDFILL
(An-Najah National University, 2026-02-16) Abu Baker, Nashat
Municipal solid waste management in Palestine faces increasing challenges due to rising waste generation, limited landfill capacity, and a high dependence on imported electricity. Waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies present a potential solution capable of addressing both waste management and energy supply challenges. This study evaluates suitable WTE options for the Zahrat Al Finjan landfill in the northern West Bank using a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) framework while also assessing the technical feasibility of integrating WTE-generated electricity into the local power network. The analysis employs the Weighted Sum Method (WSM) to compare four scenarios: the current waste management practice (business-as-usual), flaring, landfill gas recovery, and incineration. The evaluation is based on technical, environmental, and socioeconomic criteria, including energy production, greenhouse gas emission reduction, waste reduction, public and occupational health impacts, and economic indicators such as net present value, internal rate of return, levelized cost of electricity, payback period, and job creation. Quantitative data were derived from feasibility studies, LandGEM modeling, and financial analysis, while qualitative criteria were assessed using expert surveys. The results indicate that incineration ranks as the most favorable option among the evaluated alternatives due to its high electricity generation potential exceeding 340 GWh per year, positive economic performance with a net present value greater than USD 114 million, and substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions through methane mitigation and fossil fuel substitution. Landfill gas recovery represents a technically feasible alternative with moderate environmental benefits but lower financial returns, while flaring provides a low-cost but limited-impact temporary solution. The continuation of existing waste management practices ranked lowest across the evaluated criteria. In addition to the technology selection analysis, a detailed grid impact assessment was conducted to evaluate the integration of a WTE incineration facility into the regional electricity network. Load flow simulations, voltage analysis, short-circuit studies, and power quality assessments were performed to examine the operational impacts of the proposed plant. The results show that the integration of the WTE facility improves voltage profiles, reduces loading on several network components, and enhances overall system stability. However, potential reverse power flow conditions may occur during periods of low demand, highlighting the need for operational coordination and possible demand-side management strategies. Overall, the study demonstrates that WTE implementation at the Zahrat Al Finjan landfill can contribute to both sustainable waste management and improved energy system performance in the northern West Bank.
ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN THE HEALTH SECTOR: A CASE STUDY OF NABLUS SPECIALTY HOSPITAL
(An-Najah National University, 2026-04-06) Duridi, Romaysa
This study is about finding ways to save energy in a big hospital, in Nablus, Palestine. The hospital uses a lot of energy every day. To see where the hospital can save energy, we did a full energy audit to understand how the hospital uses energy in day-to-day operation and to identify where the main losses and inefficiencies happen. RET Screen Expert was used as the main tool to assess the current situation and to compare improvement options. The study suggests a number of practical measures, including the installation of a solar water heating system, the upgrade of the lighting to more efficient technology, the enhancement of the building's insulation, the enhancement of HVAC efficiency through improved performance tuning and regular maintenance, and the installation of a photovoltaic (PV) system above the parking area to generate a portion of the hospital's electricity demand, all of which are based on the audit findings. The environmental, financial, and energy-saving impacts of the proposed actions were examined in this study. The results showed that the implementation of the energy audit measurements could reduce energy consumption by approximately 30%, equivalent to around 379,050 kWh/year. In addition, annual cost savings of about USD 115,921 and a reduction of approximately 102 tons of CO₂ emissions per year could be achieved. The results also indicated that hospital operating costs, pollution levels, and energy consumption could be reduced simultaneously. It should be emphasized that the most effective energy-saving solutions are those that provide both environmental and financial benefits. Therefore, healthcare facility decision-makers may be encouraged to adopt such measures, as they can contribute to improving energy performance while reducing operational costs and environmental impacts.
ENHANCING IN VITRO MICROPROPAGATION AND EXUDATION REGULATION IN STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA)
(An-Najah National University, 2026-04-04) Dalbah, Hamzeh
Introduction: Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is extensively cultivated crop; however, enhanced in vitro micropropagation techniques are required to have disease-free planting material throughout the year. However, the success of micropropagation is limited and depend on phenolic exudation and microbial contamination, which can result in explant browning and mortality. Objectives: The main goal of this study are developing an optimized in vitro propagation protocol for strawberry that treats these issues. Specially, the goals included establishing an effective explant sterilization method to reduce contamination, mitigating oxidative browning via antioxidant treatments, and optimizing shoot proliferation and rooting conditions. Methods: Runner tip explants collected from virus free plants were subjected to sequential experiments in a completely randomized design. Two disinfection treatments (5% sodium hypochlorite vs. 0.1% mercuric chloride) were compared for initial explant sterilization. To control phenolic browning, three antioxidants (ascorbic acid, citric acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone) were tested both as medium supplements and 24-hour presoaks (in a 4×4 factorial including a no-antioxidant control) . For shoot multiplication, explants were cultured on MS media with different cytokinin regimes: (i) 6.0 mg/L BA, (ii) 3.0 mg/L BA, and (iii) 3.0 mg/L BA + 1.0 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ) . Rooting was evaluated on MS medium with either 0.5 or 1.0 mg/L NAA auxin . Data on contamination, browning, shoot number, and rooting were statistically analyzed. Results: Mercuric chloride sterilization drastically reduced contamination (16% vs 52.5% with bleach, p < 0.001). Adding ascorbic acid (0.03%) to the medium halved the incidence of lethal browning and roughly doubled explant survival (~60% survival vs ~30% without antioxidant) . A combined antioxidant treatment (ascorbic acid presoak + PVP in medium) nearly eliminated browning, yielding ~96% explant survival. In the proliferation stage, a moderate cytokinin level (3 mg/L BA) with or without TDZ produced significantly more shoots per explant (~5–6) than a higher BA dose (~4 shoots) . Both NAA levels yielded high rooting rates (~76% at 0.5 mg/L and ~89% at 1.0 mg/L), with the higher auxin concentration producing longer, more vigorous roots (average ~3.5 cm vs 2.7 cm) . Conclusion: The optimized protocol effectively overcomes contamination and phenolic exudation challenges, resulting in a reliable, high-efficiency micropropagation system for strawberry. Improvements at each stage (disinfection, browning control, multiplication, and rooting) synergistically enabled robust plantlet regeneration. This protocol can be applied to produce healthy, true-to-type strawberry plantlets on a commercial scale, supporting sustainable cultivation programs.