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DETERMINANTS OF SELF-CARE IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS IN RAMALLAH PALESTINE: A HEALTH BELIEF MODEL (HBM) BASED STUDY
(An-Najah National University, 2026-02-10) Abdulkareem, Raghad
Type 2 diabetes is a growing public health challenge in Palestine, with significant clinical, economic, and social consequences. Effective self-care is essential for improving glycemic control, preventing complications, and enhancing quality of life; however, it is often inadequately practiced among Palestinian patients. This study aimed to examine the psychological, social, and demographic factors influencing self-care behaviors among adults with type 2 diabetes in Ramallah, using a health beliefs model. A cross-sectional design was used, including 383 adult patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least one year. Data were collected through structured interviews using a validated questionnaire that included: (1) demographic and clinical characteristics, (2) self-care behaviors (diet, physical activity, medication adherence, and glycemic control), and (3) elements of the health beliefs model (personal perception of predisposition, disease severity, benefits, and barriers). The mean age of participants was 55.5 years (range: 20–88 years), and 91.1% were married. Their educational attainment varied, with 7.8% being illiterate and 28.2% holding a university degree. Approximately one-third of participants had had diabetes for more than 10 years. Most participants lived in rural areas. Clinically, 97.9% experienced hyperglycemia, while 3.9% reported episodes of hypoglycemia. Contrary to expectations and international evidence, no statistically significant associations were observed between the components of the health beliefs model and self-care behaviors. Factors such as susceptibility, disease severity, benefits, and barriers did not predict self-care practices. In contrast, statistically significant relationships were identified between self-care and social factors. Higher levels of education were associated with improved self-care, highlighting the importance of health awareness. In addition, participants living in urban areas demonstrated better self-care practices compared to those living in rural areas and refugee camps, likely due to differences in access to healthcare, resources, and socioeconomic conditions. Other variables, including age, sex, marital status, duration of diabetes, and hyperglycemic episodes, did not show any statistically significant association with self-care behaviors. The findings suggest that self-care practices are more influenced by external social and environmental factors than by individual psychological beliefs. Therefore, improving diabetes management outcomes in Palestine requires a shift towards community-based and systemic interventions. Enhancing access to healthcare, particularly in rural and disadvantaged areas, and developing culturally appropriate educational programs are crucial. This study contributes to the limited literature on self-care for people with diabetes in Palestine and suggests that focusing on education, resource provision, and structural support may be more effective than targeting individual beliefs alone.
THE IMPACT OF USING GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS ON ENHANCING SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS: TRUST AND PRIVACY CONCERNS AS MEDIATORS
(An-Najah National University, 2026-02-15) Khamis, Saly
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a broad and rapidly evolving field, especially generative AI tools and their applications in the field of learning. In this study, we investigated the impact of using generative AI tools on improving the self-directed learning process of engineering students at Palestinian universities with mediation roles of trust and privacy concerns. To this end, a quantitative approach was adopted to collect data using an online questionnaire. A Five-Point Likert scale was used to design the questionnaire, which was distributed among engineering students at seven Palestinian universities. One hundred ninety (190) respondents were received from various engineering disciplines across the surveyed universities. Both SPSS and Smart PLS4 were used to analyze the collected data and examine the eleven hypotheses formulated. More specifically, the relationships between the technology acceptance model (TAM) and its relationship to improve the self-directed learning process, as well as the role of trust and privacy concerns as mediating factors were investigated. The findings showed that all hypotheses were supported, except for privacy concerns, and its impact on behavioral intention to use the tools; it’s corresponding hypothesis was not supported. They also demonstrated that trust may act as a mediator between the perceived usefulness of these tools and students' behavioral intention to use them. This means that students trust these tools, however, privacy concerns do not influence their decision or intention to use them. The findings also showed that the actual use of generative AI tools can aid and enhance the self-directed learning process for engineering students. Practically speaking, this study contributes to providing an overview of engineering students at Palestinian universities' attitudes toward accepting and using these tools and their contribution to enhance their self-directed learning. They also demonstrate their trust in these tools, regardless of related privacy concerns. Some of limitations faced the research were not knowing the total number of population of the study, as well as not including the Gaza Strip universities in this research due to the security situation, the scarcity of previous studies in Palestine, and the limited technical resources.
MODELING MODE CHOICE BEHAVIOR OF EMPLOYEES FOR COMMUTING TO WORK IN RAMALLAH / AL-BIREH GOVERNORATE
(An-Najah National University, 2026-03-15) Salahat, Oday
Background: Mode choice is an important consideration in urban transportation planning, especially in developing countries. Transportations in the West Bank is affected by many challenges, including mobility restrictions, economic constraints, and limited public transportation. This motivated the study to understand how the employees, forming a large share of population, commute on the intercity level. Aims: The goal is to analyze the patterns of employees’ mode choice, examine the factors affecting mode choice behavior, understand mode choice for three periods: normal conditions (pre 7 October war), crisis conditions (post October 7 war), and COVID 19 pandemic, and propose policies for enhancing public transportation. Methodology: A mixed-methods approach (quantitative and qualitative) was used. A survey was conducted utilizing a questionnaire distributed to a sample of 266 out-of-governorate employees commuting to Ramallah-Al Bireh urban area. Discrete choice models considering the multinomial logit modeling approach were estimated to understand mode choice behavior. Four transportation modes were analyzed: private car, shared car, shared taxi, and bus. The influence of extraordinary events on mode choice was analyzed through comparison over the indicated periods. Main Results: Private and shared cars are the main modes for the targeted employees, accounting for 83% of trips, while public transportation attracted only a marginal share. The models for the crisis conditions and the normal conditions demonstrated good statistical fit levels. Mode choice is affected by travel time, cost, gender, marital status, and private car ownership. Participants' sensitivity to time and cost was reduced under crisis situations, with a shift of focus from efficiency-seeking to reliability-seeking. They indicated a significant lack of public transportation service quality. Conclusion: There is predominance of private car choice among available modes for intercity commuters, influenced by the ease of obtaining banking facilities and the inadequacy of public transportation services. Unusual events have a considerable impact on travel behavior, as travelers are willing to pay higher costs and longer times for more trip reliability. The results emphasize the necessity for adopting governmental policies support ridesharing and mass transportation, and the creation of reliable public transportation system.
CE Bridge
(Dr. Khaled daud, 2025-05-04) "Mohammad Omar" Tanbour
As the global situations get more concerned, the demand for innovative mobility and remote solutions for individual students with Registration issues continues to grow. And as the genocide in Gaza extends so it leaves huge blockage and checkpoints in the roadways. The Computer Engineering Department is responsible for making important announcements and handling administrative tasks for students. These tasks include opening new course sections and enrolling students in graduation projects. To achieve this, the department must collect decentralized data from various supervisors before making final decisions. My project goal is to simplify and make a way to connect each other to reach and bridge the gap of the purpose formally, the Project have two users, students and admin Centralize the previous data and gathering it and to enhance managing the flows of the data and monitor it, app announces department ads and allowing students requesting course section opening and request booking a supervisor. Additionally, the admin has a web dashboard monitors the students’ requests and have statistics info to give him overview about students and supervisors
جودة الحياة كمتغير وسيط بين اللياقة البدنية والمرونة النفسية ودافعية الإنجاز لدى طلبة التربية الرياضية في الجامعات الفلسطينية
(جامعة النجاح الوطنية, 2026-02-04) كوكب فؤاد سليم مغربي
هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على مستوى اللياقة البدنية، وجودة الحياة، والمرونة النفسية، ودافعية الإنجاز لدى طلبة التربية الرياضية في الجامعات الفلسطينية، والكشف عن طبيعة العلاقات الارتباطية بينها، إضافة إلى دراسة الفروق في هذه المتغيرات تبعًا لمتغيرات الجنس، الجامعة، السنة الدراسية، والمستوى الرياضي. استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي التحليلي، وطبقت على عينة عشوائية طبقية مكونة من (426) طالبًا وطالبة من طلبة التربية الرياضية، تمثل ما نسبته 27.8% من مجتمع الدراسة. ولجمع البيانات، قامت الباحثة بتصميم أدوات لقياس جودة الحياة، واللياقة البدنية، والمرونة النفسية، ودافعية الإنجاز، وتم تحليل البيانات باستخدام برنامجي SPSS و AMOS. أظهرت النتائج أن المستوى الكلي لكل من جودة الحياة، واللياقة البدنية، والمرونة النفسية، ودافعية الإنجاز لدى الطلبة كان مرتفعًا. كما بينت وجود علاقات طردية دالة إحصائيًا عند مستوى الدلالة (α ≤ 0.05) بين جودة الحياة وكل من اللياقة البدنية والمرونة النفسية ودافعية الإنجاز، إضافة إلى علاقة طردية دالة بين اللياقة البدنية وكل من المرونة النفسية ودافعية الإنجاز. وأشارت النتائج إلى وجود فروق دالة إحصائيًا في جميع المتغيرات تعزى لمتغير الجنس ولصالح (الذكور)، في حين لم يكن هناك فروق دالة إحصائيًا تعزى لمتغير الجامعة في مستوى جودة الحياة ودافعية الإنجاز، دون وجود فروق في اللياقة البدنية والمرونة النفسية. كما أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق دالة تعزى لمتغير السنة الدراسية في جودة الحياة ودافعية الإنجاز، وعدم وجود فروق في اللياقة البدنية والمرونة النفسية. كذلك تبين وجود فروق دالة تعزى لمتغير المستوى الرياضي في جميع المتغيرات قيد الدراسة . وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة تعزيز برامج جودة الحياة في كليات التربية الرياضية من خلال الاهتمام بالصحة النفسية، وتوفير الدعم الإرشادي، وتنظيم الأحمال التدريبية بشكل علمي، لما لذلك من أثر إيجابي في تعزيز المرونة النفسية ودافعية الإنجاز لدى الطلبة.